SOFT DRINKS INDUSTRY by SREEJI MOL

SOFT DRINKS INDUSTRY


AN ASSIGNMENT ON SOFT DRINKS INDUSTRY


















SUBMITTED BY,
SREEJI MOL
1ST YEAR MBA
ICM
POOJAPURA










CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION.
2. HISTORY.
3. CARBONATE DRINKS.
4. NUTRITIONAL VALUE.
5. SOFT DRINK AND TEETH.
6. SOFT DRINK AND SLEEP.
7. SOFT DRINK AND BONES.
8. BANNING.
9. CARCINOGENS IN SOFT DRINK.
10. ALCOHOL CONTENT.
11. PACKAGING.
12. CONTROVERSY.
13. DENTAL DECAY.
14. TOP TEN SOFT DRINKS.
15. CONCLUSION..



INTRODUCTION



A soft drink is a beverage that does not contain alcohol; generally it is
also implied that the drink does not contain milk or other dairy products and that it is consumed while cold. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda, soda pop, pop, coke, cola or tonic in various parts of the United States, pop in Canada, cool drink, cold drink, fizzy drink or soft drink (formal) in South Africa, fizzy drinks, pop or soft drinks in the United Kingdom and Australia and sometimes minerals in Ireland. The adjective soft specifies a lack of alcohol by way of contrast to the term "hard drink". The word drink, while nominally neutral, sometimes carries connotations of alcoholic content. Beverages like colas, flavored water, sparkling water, iced tea, sweet tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit punch are among the most common types of soft drinks, while hot chocolate, hot tea, coffee, milk, tap water, juice and milkshakes do not fall into this classification. Many carbonated soft drinks are optionally available in versions sweetened with sugars or with non-caloric sweeteners.
















HISTORY





Soft drinks trace their history back to the mineral waters found in natural springs. Ancient societies believed that bathing in natural springs and drinking mineral waters could cure many diseases. The early soft drinks were sherbets developed by Arabic chemists and originally served in the medieval near east. These were juiced soft drinks made of crushed fruit, herbs or flowers. The drink is still available today but made with flavorings and carbonated water since the Saprobe in the original recipe was found to be carcinogenic. The marketed soft drinks (non carbonated)in the Western world appeared in the seventeenth century. They were made from water and lemon juice sweetened with honey.








CARBONATE DRINKS

• Fizzy drinks (carbonated beverages) are produced by injecting carbon dioxide into the drink at a pressure of several atmospheres. Carbon dioxide dissolves readily at normal atmospheric pressure, particularly in cold beverages, but far more so at high pressure and large volumes of gas can be dissolved. When the pressure is released the carbon dioxide comes out of solution forming numerous bubbles and begins releasing the carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. After a few hours most of the carbon dioxide has been released and the drink is said to be "flat".

The chemical phenomenon whereby carbonated drinks taste sharper is due to carbonic acid inducing a slight burning sensation, and is only indirectly related to the bubbles—both phenomena are caused by the carbonic acid concentration.

Carbonation can also be produced by partial fermentation in a sealed container. This is the method used in the production of ginger beer and by careful control, and use of appropriate yeasts, the alcohol level can be kept very low.
Safety Concerns:


NUTRITIONAL VALUE

Soft drinks obtain nearly all of their food energy in the form of refined cane sugar or corn syrup. While the USDA recommended daily allotment (RDA) of added sugars is 10 teaspoons for a 2,000-calorie diet, many soft drinks contain more than this amount. Unless fortified, it also contains little to no vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, or other essential nutrients. Many soft drinks contain food additives such as food coloring, artificial flavoring, emulsifiers, and preservatives, which some consumers find objectionable. Some also argue that caffeine-containing soft drinks are not a valid source of dietary fluids because of the diuretic properties of caffeine; this is disputed.
Soft drinks may also displace other healthier choices in people's diets, such as water, milk, and fruit juice
Studies showing a correlation between soft drinks and obesity:
A study from Harvard shows that soft drinks may be responsible for the doubling of obesity in children in the United States over the last 15 years.





• Soft drinks linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes

In 2004, an eight-year study of 50,000 nurses showed a correlation that suggests drinking one or more sugar-sweetened beverages (such as soft drinks and fruit punches) per day increases one's risk of developing diabetes by 80% versus those who drink less than one such drink per month. This finding was independent of other lifestyle factors. It concludes, "Higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with a greater magnitude of weight gain and an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes in women, possibly by providing excessive calories and large amounts of rapidly absorbable sugars."

SOFT DRINK AND TEETH.

A large number of soft drinks are acidic and some may have a pH of 3.0 or even lower. Drinking acidic drinks over a long period of time and continuous sipping can therefore erode the tooth enamel. Drinking through a straw is often advised by dentists as the drink is then swallowed from the back of the mouth and does not come into contact with the teeth. It has also been suggested that brushing teeth right after drinking soft drinks should be avoided as this can result in additional erosion to the teeth due to the presence of acid.



SOFT DRINK AND SLEEP

According to one report, soft drinks with caffeine can disrupt children's sleep and leave them feeling tired during the day.



SOFT DRINKS AND BONES

The phosphoric acid contained in soft drinks displaces calcium from the bones. This can dramatically lower the bone density of the skeleton and can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis and very weak bones.

BANNING.

In recent years, debate on whether soft drink vending machines should be allowed in school has been on the rise. Proponents believe that soft drinks are a significant contributor to childhood obesity and tooth decay, and that allowing soft drink sales in schools encourages children to believe they are safe to consume in moderate to large quantities. Proponents note that children are not always mature enough to understand the consequences of their own food choices, and should not be routinely exposed to the temptation of cheap, readily available soft drinks. They also argue that schools have a responsibility to look after the health of the children in their care, and that allowing children easy access to soft drinks violates that responsibility. Opponents believe that obesity is a complex issue and soft drinks are not the only cause. Some people take the middle ground, saying that soft drink machines should be allowed in schools, but that they should not be the only option available. They propose that when soft drink vending machines are made available in school grounds, the schools should be required to provide children with a choice of alternative drinks (such as fruit juice, flavored water and milk) at a comparable price. However, fruit drinks may contain as much sugar as the soft drinks they replace.

The American Beverage Association has produced a fact sheet on sales in schools.
•

On 3 May 2006, the Alliance for a Healthier Generation, Cadbury Schweppes, Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, and the American Beverage Association announced new School Beverage Guidelines that will voluntarily remove high-calorie soft drinks from all US schools.
•

On 19 May 2006, UK Education Secretary Alan Johnson announced new minimum nutrition standards for school food. Amongst a wide range of measures, from September 2006, school lunches will be free from fizzy drinks. Schools will also end the sale of junk food (including fizzy drinks) in vending machines and tuck shops. See the Department for Education and Skills press notice for details.

•
In August 2006, after a controversial new report about the presence of pesticides in soft drinks sold in India, many state governments have issued a ban of the sale of soft drinks in schools. Kerala has issued a complete ban on the sale or manufacture of soft drinks altogether. In return, the soft drink companies like Coca Cola and Pepsi have issued ads in the media regarding the safety of consumption of the drinks. Since there is yet no enforcement [citation needed] of the agreed standards by Bureau of Indian Standards, the governing body to oversee the safety levels, in soft drinks in India, it is to be seen how this situation is to be resolved.



CARCINOGENS IN SOFT DRINKS
Benzene is a known carcinogen, or cancer-causing agent. Major soft drink companies have had documentation of benzene contamination in soft drinks since at least 1990. It was originally thought that the contamination was caused by contaminated carbon dioxide, but research has shown that benzoates and ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid can react to produce benzene.

In 2006, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency published its survey of benzene levels in soft drinks, which tested 150 products and found that four contained benzene levels above the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. The agency asked for these to be removed from sale. This was unexpected by the industry because soft drinks do not expire as other foods do, they last as long as the bottle can keep oxidation from occurring, which is usually hundreds of years (assuming no exposure to sunlight).

TAXATION
•
The Center for Science in the Public Interest believes that a small tax on soft drinks may help curb consumption while raising money to fight obesity. (See fat tax) Opponents of this scheme believe this creates a conflict of interest for the government who collects these taxes, and may undermine their ability to reduce consumption of soft drinks.
ALCOHOL CONTENT
A report in October 2006 demonstrates that some soft drinks contain measurable amounts of alcohol. In some older preparations, this resulted from natural fermentation used to build the carbonation. Modern drinks use introduced carbon dioxide but alcohol might result from fermentation of sugars in an unsterile environment. A small amount of alcohol is introduced to at least some soft drinks where alcohol is used in the preparation of the flavoring extracts. The Turkish soft drink manufacturer whose product was listed as highest in alcohol in the October 2006 study noted that the naturally occurring alcohol level in yogurt is 1.5 times higher than that found in their soft drink.

PACKAGING.



In the United States, soft drinks are sold in 3 L, 2 L, 1.5 L, 1 L, 500 mL, 8, 12, 20 and 24 U.S. fluid ounce plastic bottles, 12 U.S. fluid ounce cans, and short eight-ounce cans. Some Coca-Cola products can be purchased in 8 and 12 U.S. fluid ounce glass bottles. Jones Soda and Orange Crush are sold in 16 U.S. fluid ounce (1 U.S. pint) glass bottles. Cans are packaged in a variety of quantities such as six packs, 12 packs and cases of 24, 36, and 360. With the advent of energy drinks sold in eight-ounce cans in the US, some soft drinks are now sold in similarly sized cans. It is also common for carbonated soft drinks to be served as fountain drinks in which carbonation is added to a concentrate immediately prior to serving.


In Europe soft drinks are typically sold in 2 L, 1.5 L, 1 L, 330 mL plastic or 500 mL glass bottles, aluminum cans are traditionally sized in 330 mL, although 250 mL "slim" cans have become popular since the introduction of canned energy drinks and 355 mL variants of the slim cans have been introduced by Red Bull more recently. Cans and bottles often come in packs of six or four. Several countries have standard recyclable packaging with a container deposit typically ranging from € 0.15 to
0.25: bottles are











CONTROVERSY.


Nutritional value of non-diet soft drinks
Until the 1980s, soft drinks obtained nearly all of their food energy in the form of refined cane sugar or corn syrup. Today in the United States high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is used nearly exclusively as a sweetener because of its lower cost, while in Europe; sucrose dominates, because EU agricultural policies favor production of sugar beets in Europe proper and sugarcane in the former colonies over the production of corn. HFCS has been criticized as having a number of detrimental effects on human health, such as promoting diabetes, hyperactivity, hypertension, and a host of other problems. Although anecdotal evidence has been presented to support such claims, it is well known that the human body breaks sucrose down into glucose and fructose before it is absorbed by the intestines. Simple sugars such as fructose are converted into the same intermediates as in glucose metabolism. However, metabolism of fructose is extremely rapid and is initiated by fructokinase. Fructokinase activity is not regulated by metabolism or hormones and proceeds rapidly after intake of fructose. While the intermediates of fructose metabolism are similar to those of glucose, the rates of formation are excessive. This fact promotes hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, leading to accumulation of fat throughout the body. Increased blood lipid levels also seem to follow fructose ingestion over time. While the USDA recommended daily allotment (RDA) of added sugars is 10 teaspoons for a 2,000-calorie diet, many soft drinks contain more than this amount. Unless fortified, they also contain little to no vitamins, minerals, fiber, protein, or other essential nutrients. Many soft drinks contain food additives such as food coloring, artificial flavoring, emulsifiers, and preservatives.

Soft drinks may also displace other health Controversy
















DENTAL DECAY.

Most soft drinks contain high concentration of simple carbohydrates - glucose, fructose, sucrose and other simple sugars. Oral bacteria ferment carbohydrates and produce acid, which dissolves tooth enamel during the dental decay process; thus, sweetened beverages are likely to increase risk of dental caries. The risk is greater if the frequency of consumption is high.















TOP 10 SOFT DRINKS.
1. Coca-cola Classic (coca-cola)
2. Pepsi-cola (PepsiCo)
3. Diet Coke (coca-cola)
4. Mountain Dew (PepsiCo)
5. Diet Pepsi (PepsiCo)
6. Dr Pepper (Cadbury-Schweppes)
7. Sprite (coca-cola)
8. Fanta (coca-cola)
9. Caffeine-Free Diet Coke (coca-cola)
10. Diet Mountain Dew (PepsiCo)














CONCLUSION
A large number of soft drinks are acidic and some may have a pH of 3.0 or even lower. Drinking acidic drinks over a long period of time and continuous sipping can therefore erode the tooth enamel. Drinking through a straw is often advised by dentists as the drink is then swallowed from the back of the mouth and does not come into contact with the teeth as much. It has also been suggested that brushing teeth right after drinking soft drinks should be avoided as this can result in additional erosion to the teeth due to the presence of acid. heir choices in people's diets, such as water, milk, and fruit juice.[e smelted, or cleaned and refilled; cans are crushed and sold as scrap aluminum.